Indigenous Pedagogy and Cultural Continuity

The Role of Pallidars in Shaping Malabari Muslim Identity

Authors

  • Hassan Shareef

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63120/jise.v5i1.164

Keywords:

Indigenous Islamic pedagogy, Pallidars education, Mappila Muslims, heritage preservation

Abstract

This study primarily aims to investigate Pallidars, the traditional Islamic higher education system of Malabar, India, focusing on its role in preserving Islamic heritage and shaping regional Muslim ​identity. The research framework is based on an indigenous theoretical perspective followed by a qualitative research design. The methods of data collection included the participant observation of Pallidars education practices, textual analysis of Arabic and Arabi-Malayalam manuscripts and interviews with stakeholders. The results reveal that the system effectively preserved and transmitted essential Islamic knowledge in the region, creating a unique regional Islamic culture connected to the wider Muslim world and the system provided accessible and affordable education to all sections of society. These findings demonstrate the Pallidars system’s adaptability and enduring influence in preserving Islamic heritage and shaping Malabari Muslim identity.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

A.S., T., & V, N. (2014). The Role of Arabic Colleges in the Development of Literature and Culture in South Kerala (UGC XI Plan Grant-in-Aid 7th Installment Pl.A/5466/UGC.XI.VII/Arabic/NRA/1). University of Kerala.

Ashraf, M. N. (2023). Saints Textualized: Pious Commemoration of “Friends of God” and Vernacular Hagiographies in Nineteenth-Century Malabar. In Media Technology and Cultures of Memory: Mapping Indian Narratives (pp. 81–99). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003350330-8

Atifnigar, H., Hedayat, M., & Khitab, K. (2025). The Role of Academic Research in Fostering Islamic Culture: A Comprehensive Review. European Journal of Contemporary Education and E-Learning, 3(2), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejceel.2025.3(2).02

Báez, J. C., Leveque, S., Flemate, N., & Marquart, M. (2024). Equity and Access to Course Materials as a Social Justice Issue. In Online Learning, Open Education, and Equity in a Post-Pandemic World (pp. 175–189). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69449-3_8

Baranski, L. (2025). Leading in Five Dimensions. In Spirituality for Leaders: Theoretical Insights and Practical Tools (pp. 19–24). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003640912-4

Basheer, K. M. (2016). Quality enhancement in Madrasa education: an exploratory study. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Class, B., Favre, S., Soulikhan, F., & Cheikhrouhou, N. (2022). Enhancing the Design of a Supply Chain Network Framework for Open Education. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1624 CCIS, 499–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14756-2_24

Cominelli, F., & Greffe, X. (2012). Intangible cultural heritage: Safeguarding for creativity. City, Culture and Society, 3(4), 245–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2012.10.003

Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S., Giardina, M. D., & Cannella, G. S. (Editors). (2024). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (Sixth edit). SAGE.

Farook, M. P., & Haskerali, E. C. (2026). The Synergy of Spirituality and Identity: The Impact of the Sayyids from Arabia on the Social Landscape of Malabar. In Palgrave Series in Indian Ocean World Studies: Part F2520 (pp. 233–249). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97883-8_12

Gareau, P. L., & Colorado, C. D. (2026). Indigeneity and Identity: Mixedness/ Race vs. Relationality/ Making Kin. In Native American Religions: Teaching and Learning on Stolen Land (pp. 97–119). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003564751-9

Genç, M. F., & Uddin, A. H. M. E. (2023). The model of religious education in today’s secular and multicultural societies–Post-Confessional Inclusivist Religious Education (PCIRE). British Journal of Religious Education, 45(2), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2022.2122934

Gilchrist, A. (2004). Working with networks and organisations in the community. In Principles and Practice of Informal Education: Learning Through Life (pp. 105–117). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203017852-18

Gündüz, R. (2023). The Importance of Logic according to Kilisli Hocazade Abdullah Enveri and its Relationship with Education, Theology and Faith. Osmanli Medeniyeti Arastirmalari Dergisi, 2023(16), 26–42. https://doi.org/10.21021/osmed.1178062

Jaleel, K. A. A., Aneesh, A. A. K., Shahid, M., Rasheed, K. M. A., Razeena, S., Mubeena, M., & Nubeera, M. (2024). Cultivating knowledge: A comprehensive examination of madrasa education system in india. In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control (Vol. 525, pp. 787–801). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54383-8_60

Jiang, Y., Liang, X., & Coscia, C. (2025). Assessing Digital Tools in Education Process for Cultural Heritage: A Literature Review. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, 48(M-9–2025), 645–652. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-645-2025

Khalfaoui, M. (2026). Teaching Islamic Law in a Modern Secular Context: The Didactical Challenge. Journal of Islamic Studies and Education, 4(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.63120/jise.v4i2.129

Kodasseri, M. H., & Kp, H. S. (2025). Characteristics of Traditional Arabic Grammar Texts in the Curriculum of Pallidars Education in Malabar. Lahjatuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 5(1), 67–91. https://doi.org/10.38073/lahjatuna.v5i1.3495

Kooria, M. (2023). Arabic-Malayalam Texts at the British Library: Themes, Genres, and Production. International Journal of Islam in Asia, 3(1–2), 89–127. https://doi.org/10.1163/25899996-20230014

KP, H. S., & P, S. K. (2025). The Traditional Islamic Curriculum of Pallidars in Malabar: A Content Analysis of ‘Min Nawabigi Ulama’i Malaibar.’ Al-Jadwa: Jurnal Studi Islam, 5(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.38073/aljadwa.3316

Kunnakkadan, M. U. (2020). The Relevance of Tafsīral-Jalālayn among the Muslims of Malabar. Al-Burhān: Journal Of Qurʾān And Sunnah Studies, 4(1), 14–30.

Kurfi, M. H. (2022). Islamic Education in Nigeria. In The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian History (pp. 58–81). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050092.013.3

Lakshmi, L. R. S. (2012). The Malabar Muslims: A different perspective. In The Malabar Muslims: A Different Perspective. https://doi.org/10.1017/UPO9788175969353

Lira, N. M., & Thibaut, P. (2022). Heritage-school-community articulation: a cartographic approach from Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory for rural situated learning. Estudios Pedagogicos, 48(4), 225–246. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07052022000400225

Logan, W. (1995). Malabar. 2 (2. AES rep). Asian Educational Services.

M A, B., Martis, J. E., & Aiyappa, S. (2026). Oral tradition as a cultural conveyor: A study of the tere practice in Kodava society. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2026.2637663

Mammadova, A., Afful, B. E. B., Donkoh, R. F., Monden, S., Harada, S., & Matias, D. M. (2026). Intergenerational Knowledge Exchange in Japanese Biosphere Reserves: Community Perceptions from Aya and Mount Hakusan. Environmental Management, 76(8). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-026-02560-8

Masyhud, M. S., Indriastuti, S., Trihartono, A., & Sawir, M. (2026). Inclusive education under SDG 4: policy enactment and the governance of selective inclusion. Cogent Social Sciences, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2026.2717912

Mathew, J. (2019). Emergence of a knowledge society role of migrant farmers in the educational progress of malabar in the twentieth century. Journal of Dharma, 44(2), 195–214. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85081623426?origin=resultslist

Mohammed, U. (2007). Educational empowerment of Kerala Muslims: a socio-historical perspective. Indian Council of Historical Research.

Mondini, S. (2025). Muslim Communities and Trade along the Malabar Coast: A state of the Art. South Asia: Journal of South Asia Studies, 48(2), 368–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2025.2496587

Moosa, E. (2026). Education and Reform. In The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Reform (pp. 61–81). https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105048077575?origin=resultslist

Nur, M. T., Wagay, J. A., & Nurdin, E. (2025). Negotiating Islamic Identity Through Cultural Adaptation: A Fiqh al-Aqalliyyat Analysis of Masselle aseng Practice in Indonesian Muslim Minorities. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, 23(1), 117–138. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v23i1.3132

Paksi, A. (2019). ‘We live in a modern time.’ Hunter Gatherer Research, 5(1–2), 119–151. https://doi.org/10.3828/hgr.2019.6

Panakkal, A. (2025). Hindu Amir of Muslims: Indigenized Islam from the Indian Ocean Littoral of Malabar. In Hindu Amir of Muslims: Indigenized Islam from the Indian Ocean Littoral of Malabar. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105039558982?origin=resultslist

Porath, M. (2013). Epistemic beliefs and education for talent development: Learning from students. Talent Development and Excellence, 5(1), 65–74. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84878424229?origin=resultslist

Raṇṭattāṇi, H. (2007). Mappila Muslims: a study on society and anti colonial struggles. Other Books.

Salvia, V. L., Moderato, M., & Hill, D. V. (2021). The case of the port of Madayi (Kerala, India), and post-Classical trade in the Indian Ocean between Late Antiquity and the medieval period: A preliminary note. Archeologia Medievale, 48, 405–421. https://doi.org/10.36153/am48.2021.15

Samsul Hady, M., Teguh Prastyo, A., Bakar, A., Faslah, R., Malik Fajar Alam, A., Barkah, Q., Himmatin, U., Nuyulis Naeni Puspitasari, I., & Abdul Ghani, M. Z. (2025). Cultural transformation: religious moderation from manuscripts heritage to living tradition in Indonesia and Malaysia. Cogent Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2556891

Shafeeque, P. P. (2023). Madrasa Education and its Contribution to Arabic Language and Culture in Kerala [PhD]. University of Calicut.

Sijamhodžić-Nadarević, D. (2024). Philosophy and Pedagogy of Islamic Education in Today’s Europe. Journal of Muslims in Europe, 13(3), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1163/22117954-bja10106

Smeets, R. (2022). From Folklore to Living Heritage: On the Development of UNESCO’s Contribution to the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Narodopisna Revue, (2), 99–113. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85140787985?origin=resultslist

Sohrah, S., Husna, A., Akbar, R., Sugirman, A., & Arfah, M. T. (2023). Songkabala Tradition in the Makassarese Society: Local Values and Messages of the Al-Qur’an an Anthropological Perspective on Islamic Law. Samarah, 7(1), 455–478. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i1.16689

Syafi’i, I., Hasyim, F., & Jawid Marwat, M. (2025). Transformational Curriculum Model through Interpretation Epistemology; Islamic Boarding School Curriculum Management Perspective. Munaddhomah, 6(3), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v6i3.1802

Syukron, B., Fatonah, I., & Masitoh, D. (2026). Integrating Tradition and Modernity in Islamic Education Management in Indonesian Madrasahs. Kharisma, 5(1), 218–237. https://doi.org/10.59373/kharisma.v5i1.144

Taufiq, M., & Said, M. (2025). Qur’anic Interpretation among Sasak Muslims across Communities, Theologies, and Ideological Conflicts. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 26(2), 383–412. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v26i2.6287

Trinh, B. T. A., & Anaf, A. (2026). Cosmopolitan imaginaries in the context of internationalisation of higher education in Vietnam and Indonesia: cultural hybridity and tensions. Globalisation, Societies and Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2026.2686603

Trommsdorff, G. (2008). Intergenerational relations and cultural transmission. In Cultural Transmission: Psychological, Developmental, Social, and Methodological Aspects (pp. 126–160). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804670.008

Utami, P. T., & Kusakabe, T. (2026). Edu-community practice: what the community means for religious education equality in Indonesia. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2026.2646784

Vermunt, J. D. (2015). Situated Learning. In Encyclopedia of Science Education (pp. 969–972). https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105012539459?origin=resultslist

Vineetha, P. G., Shamna, T. P., & Prasoon, S. (2023). Documentation of Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITKs) system prevalent among poultry farmers of Palakkad district, Kerala. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 22(3), 505–513. https://doi.org/10.56042/ijtk.v22i3.5727

Wedi, A., & Mardiana, D. (2025). Digital Transformation Model of Islamic Religious Education in the AI Era: A Case Study of Madrasah Aliyah in East Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 24(8), 842–863. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.24.8.37

Weedon, A. (2023). Towards safeguarding Creole intangible cultural heritage: The 2003 UNESCO convention. In Creole Cultures, Vol. 1: Safeguarding Creole Intangible Cultural Heritage (pp. 19–39). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24275-5_2

Weisbrod, B. A. (2016). Geographic spillover effects and the allocation of resources to education. In The Public Economy of Urban Communities (pp. 192–206). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315670805-9

Widodo, S. A., Mubin, M. N., & Pransiska, T. (2026). Reproducing Islamic knowledge in Indonesian pesantren: Turāṯ, textual tradition, and epistemic continuity. British Journal of Religious Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2026.2659837

Wilbanks, J. T., & Wilbanks, T. J. (2010). Science, open communication and sustainable development. Sustainability, 2(4), 993–1015. https://doi.org/10.3390/su2040993

Wu, Y., & Lin, C. (2026). Envisioning post-oriental education: Reconstructing East Asian educational history and discourse beyond Western-centrism. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 58(5), 396–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2025.2468425

Yasser Arafath, P. K. (2020). Polyglossic Malabar: Arabi-Malayalam and the Muhiyuddinmala in the age of transition (1600s-1750s). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 30(3), 517–539. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186320000085

Yenprasit, P., & Naknawa, D. (2025). The Interaction Between Arabic and Bahasa Melayu in Traditional Islamic Schools in Bangkok: An Analysis and Alternative Approach. Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, 24(2), 707–732. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol24.iss2.art5

Zhao, W. (2020). Problematizing “epistemicide” in transnational curriculum knowledge production: China’s suyang curriculum reform as an example. Curriculum Inquiry, 50(2), 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/03626784.2020.1736521

Downloads

Published

2026-09-22

How to Cite

Shareef, H. (2026). Indigenous Pedagogy and Cultural Continuity: The Role of Pallidars in Shaping Malabari Muslim Identity. Journal of Islamic Studies and Education, 5(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.63120/jise.v5i1.164

Issue

Section

Islamic Studies